Izinhlobo Zekhebula Eziphezulu Eziyi-10 Nokusetshenziswa Kwazo

Emhlabeni wethu wamanje, izintambo ziyizintambo zokuphila ezingabonakali ezigcina yonke into isebenza. Kusukela ekunikezeni amandla ezindlini namahhovisi kuya ekusixhumeni ku-inthanethi, izinhlobo ezahlukene zezintambo ziqinisekisa ukuthi ugesi nedatha iyahamba ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka. Ukukhetha ikhebula elifanele akubalulekile kuphela ekusebenzeni kodwa futhi nasekuphepheni nasekuthembekeni kwesikhathi eside.

Lo mhlahlandlela uchaza izinhlobo zamakhebula eziphezulu eziyi-10 nokusetshenziswa kwazo, kusukela ekuxhumekeni kwe-inthanethi kuya ekunikezeni amandla, ukuze uqonde kangcono ukuthi iyiphi ikhebula efanelana nezidingo zakho kangcono.

1. Ikhebula le-Coaxial

Okokuqala, enye yezinhlobo zekhebula ezaziwa kakhulu yikhebula le-coaxial. Yakhelwe nge-conductor emaphakathi, isendlalelo esivikelayo, isivikelo, kanye nejakhethi yangaphandle eyisivikelo. Lesi sakhiwo senza ukuthi imelane kakhulu nokuphazamiseka.

Ukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko kuhlanganisa:

• Izixhumanisi zikamabonakude wekhebula (TV).

• Amasevisi e-inthanethi e-Broadband

• Amasistimu okuqapha ama-CCTV

• Ukufakwa kwesathelayithi nothi

Ngenxa yokuvikela kwayo okuqinile, intambo ye-coaxial ithembekile ekufakweni okude. Osayizi ababili abavame kakhulu yi-RG-6 ne-RG-11. I-RG-6 ifanele amaconsi amafushane (ngaphansi kwamamitha angu-150), kuyilapho i-RG-11 ingcono kumabanga amade. Zombili zisetshenziswa kakhulu ngabasebenza ngamakhebula, izinkampani zocingo, nabahlinzeki be-inthanethi ukudlulisa idatha, ividiyo, nezwi.

Nakuba intambo ye-coaxial inemikhawulo uma iqhathaniswa nezinketho ezintsha njenge-fiber optic, ihlala iyisixazululo esingabizi futhi esamukelwa kabanzi ezinhlelweni eziningi.

2. Ikhebuli ye-Ethernet (Ikhebula Yenethiwekhi)

Okulandelayo, sidlulela kumgogodla wenethiwekhi yesimanje: the Intambo ye-Ethernet. Izintambo ze-Ethernet ziwumgogodla wamanethiwekhi anezintambo, amakhompyutha axhumayo, ama-routers, amaswishi, namaseva ukuqinisekisa ukuxhumana kwedatha okuthembekile. Itholakala ezigabeni eziningi, njenge-Cat5e, i-Cat6, i-Cat6a, i-Cat7, ne-Cat8, isigaba ngasinye esilandelanayo sihlinzeka ngesivinini sedatha esiphezulu nokuvikela okungcono ekuphazamisekeni, okuyenza ifanelekele izindawo zokuxhumana ezihlukene.

Ukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko kuhlanganisa:

• Ukuxhumana kwe-inthanethi kwekhaya nehhovisi

• Izikhungo zedatha nengqalasizinda ye-IT

• Ama-consoles amageyimu nama-smart TV

• Inkomfa ngevidiyo nokusakaza

Izintambo ze-Ethernet zihlukaniswa ngokusebenza: I-Cat5e, i-Cat6, i-Cat6a, i-Cat7, ne-Cat8. Izigaba eziphakeme zinikeza isivinini esisheshayo nokuvikela okuqinile. Isibonelo, i-Cat6 manje isiyindinganiso yamahhovisi, kuyilapho i-Cat8 isetshenziswa ezikhungweni zedatha ezithuthukisiwe.

Ukwakheka kwezintambo ze-Ethernet kufaka phakathi amapheya asontekile, asiza ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic. Angase eze njenge-UTP (Ukubhangqa Okusontiwe Okungashielded), i-STP (Ibhangqa Elisontiwe Elivikelekile), noma i-SSTP (Ukubhangqa Okusontiwe Okufihliwe Okufihliwe). Uhlobo olukhethiwe luncike endaweni, enezinguqulo ezivikelekile ezinconyelwe izindawo zezimboni ezinomsindo.

Umkhawulo owodwa we-Ethernet ibanga. Izintambo eziningi zisekela amamitha angu-100, okungaphezu kwalokho ukusebenza kungase kwehle ngaphandle kokuphinda noma ukushintsha. Noma kunjalo, izintambo ze-Ethernet zihlala ziyisixazululo esivame kakhulu samanethiwekhi anentambo athembekile nanesivinini esikhulu.

3. Ikhebula le-Fiber Optic

Uma kudingeka isivinini esisheshayo nokuxhumana kwebanga elide, intambo yefiber optic iyimpendulo. Ngokungafani nezintambo ezenziwe ngethusi, idlulisela idatha njengezimpawu zokukhanya ngengilazi noma imicu yepulasitiki.

Ukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko kuhlanganisa:

• High-speed internet backbones

• Izikhungo zeTelecom nedatha

• Amasistimu okuxhumana ngaphansi kolwandle

• Izicelo zezokwelapha nezimboni

Izinzuzo zezintambo ze-fiber optic zicacile: zihlinzeka ngomkhawulokudonsa omkhulu, azikwazi ukuphazanyiswa yi-electromagnetic, futhi zingadlulisela amabanga amade kakhulu kunethusi. Lokhu kubenza babaluleke kumanethiwekhi obufakazi besikhathi esizayo.

Izinselele ezinkulu yizindleko nobunzima bokufaka. Ifiber ibiza kakhulu futhi idinga ukuphathwa ngokucophelela, kodwa izinzuzo zayo zokusebenza ziyenza ibe yinketho ephezulu ezimbonini ezidingeka kakhulu.

4. Amandla Ikhebula

Olunye uhlobo olubalulekile ikhebula lamandla, eliletha ugesi usuka emthonjeni wamandla uye kumadivayisi, izinto zikagesi, nemishini. Lawa makhebula agqunywe kakhulu ukuze avimbele izingozi futhi aklanyelwe ukuphatha amazinga kagesi ahlukene.

Ukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko kuhlanganisa:

•  Izintambo zikagesi zokuhlala nezohwebo

• Imishini yezimboni kanye nemishini esindayo

• Ukusabalalisa amandla angaphansi nangaphezulu

Izintambo zikagesi zingase zisebenzise izinhlobo zokufakelwa ezifana ne-PVC noma irabha kuye ngokuthi zifakwe kuphi. Izintambo ezingaphansi komhlaba zidinga ukuvikeleka okuqinile kumswakama nokucindezela, kuyilapho izintambo ezingaphezulu kufanele zimelane nezimo zezulu.

Ukubaluleka kokukhetha umphakeli ofanele wekhebula lamandla angeke kweqiswe. Izintambo zikagesi ezisezingeni eliphansi zingaholela ekushiseni ngokweqile, ekulahlekelweni amandla, noma ngisho nasezingozini zomlilo.

5. Intambo Yamandla

Ngenkathi izintambo zikagesi ziyizinto ezihleliwe, a intambo yamandla ikhebula elikhiphekayo elisetshenziselwa ukuxhuma izinto zikagesi nezinto zikagesi endaweni kagesi.

Ukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko kuhlanganisa:

• Amakhompyutha, amamonitha, namaphrinta

• Izinto zasendlini njengeziqandisi nemishini yokuwasha

• Izinto zikagesi eziphathwayo namashaja

Amazwe ahlukene asebenzisa izindinganiso ezihlukene zamapulaki, njengohlobo A, C, G, noma I. Ngakho-ke, ukukhetha uhlobo olulungile lwesifunda sakho kubalulekile. Izitifiketi zokuphepha nazo zidlala indima ebalulekile. Intambo kagesi eqinisekiswe ngokufanelekile inciphisa ubungozi futhi iqinisekisa ukuhambisana nemithetho yendawo.

Nakuba zilula ekwakhiweni, izintambo zikagesi zibalulekile ekusetshenzisweni okuphephile nokuphumelelayo kwezinto zikagesi emhlabeni wonke.

6. Ikhebula le-HDMI

Kwezokuzijabulisa kanye ne-multimedia, ikhebula le-HDMI seliyindinganiso yendawo yonke. Idlulisa kokubili ividiyo enencazelo ephezulu kanye nomsindo weziteshi eziningi ngekhebula eyodwa, imiselela ukuxhumana okudala kwe-analog nokwenza lula ukusetha. Lokhu kuvumela isignali ecacile nethembekile ngaphandle kokuwohloka emabangeni amafushane noma amaphakathi.

Ukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko kuhlanganisa:

• Ama-TV, ama-projektha, nama-monitor

• Ama-consoles amageyimu nabadlali be-Blu-ray

• Amasistimu wetiyetha yasekhaya

• Izethulo zevidiyo ezichwepheshile

Ukusebenzisa ikhebula le-HDMI elifanele kuqinisekisa ukusebenza okungaguquki, kunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwesignali, futhi kuthuthukisa ukuzizwisa kwemultimedia yasekhaya nokochwepheshe. Ukuthembeka nokubalula kwayo kuyenza ikhebuli ebalulekile endaweni yanamuhla yedijithali.

7. Ikhebula le-USB

Izintambo ze-USB (Universal Serial Bus) zibalulekile ekuxhumeni, ekunikezeni amandla, nasekudluliseleni idatha phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto zikagesi. Kusukela kuma-smartphones namathebulethi kuya kumalaptop, amaphrinta, amakhamera, nesitoreji sangaphandle, Izintambo ze-USB hlinzeka ngoxhumano olujwayelekile noluthembekile olusekela kokubili idatha nokudluliswa kwamandla. Ngokuhamba kweminyaka, ubuchwepheshe be-USB buye bashintsha ukusuka ku-USB 2.0 kuya ku-USB 3.0, 3.1, kanye namazinga akamuva e-USB-C, anikeza amanani okudlulisa idatha asheshayo, ukulethwa kwamandla aphezulu, kanye nokusebenza ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene okuthuthukisiwe.

Ukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko kuhlanganisa:

• Ama-Smartphones, amaphilisi, namalaptop

• Amadrayivu aqinile angaphandle namadivayisi okugcina

• Amaphrinta, izikena, namakhamera

• Ukushaja nokulethwa kwamandla

Ukukhetha ikhebula le-USB elifanele kuqinisekisa ukudluliswa kwedatha okusebenzayo, ukushaja okuzinzile, nokuvikelwa kwedivayisi. Amakhebuli ekhwalithi ephezulu anciphisa ukulahlekelwa kwesignali, avimbele ukushisa ngokweqile, futhi andise ubude bempilo yamadivayisi axhunyiwe, okuwenza abe yinketho ethembekile yakho kokubili ukusetshenziswa komuntu siqu nokochwepheshe.

8. Ikhebula Lomsindo

Ngokudluliswa komsindo, izintambo zomsindo zisetshenziswa kuzo zombili izakhiwo ze-analog nedijithali.

Ukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko kuhlanganisa:

• Ama-headphone nezipikha

• Amasistimu omsindo ochwepheshe nezixube

• Izixhumanisi zomsindo wemoto

• Ukusethwa kwetiyetha yasekhaya

Izinhlobo ezijwayelekile zifaka izintambo ze-AUX ezingu-3.5mm, izintambo ze-RCA, namakhebuli omsindo obonakalayo. Nakuba i-AUX ne-RCA zivamile kuma-electronics abathengi, izintambo ze-optical ne-XLR zisetshenziswa kakhulu ezinhlelweni zomsindo ezichwepheshile.

Amakhebuli omsindo wekhwalithi ephezulu asiza ukunciphisa umsindo nokuhlanekezela, aqinisekise ukuphuma komsindo okucacile.

9. Ikhebula Locingo

Nakuba zingajwayelekile namuhla, izintambo zocingo zisadlala indima ezinhlelweni zokuxhumana.

Ukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko kuhlanganisa:

• Izixhumanisi zefoni yasendlini

• I-inthanethi ye-DSL Broadband

• Amasistimu e-Intercom

Lezi zintambo ngokuvamile zenziwe ngamapheya ethusi asontekile. Ngisho noma amanethiwekhi eselula namafayibha ethathe indawo yawo ezindaweni eziningi, izintambo zocingo zihlala zibalulekile ezingqalasizinda ezithile kanye nezinhlelo zokusekelayo.

Kwezinye izifunda, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zasemakhaya, zisabalulekile ekudlulisweni kwezwi nedatha okuthembekile.

10. Ikhebula lokushaja

Ekugcineni, enye yezintambo ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ekuphileni kwethu kwansuku zonke ikhebula lokushaja. Ivamise ukweqa namazinga e-USB kodwa ikhethekile kumadivayisi anamandla.

Ukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko kuhlanganisa:

•  Ama-Smartphones namathebulethi

• Amalaptop namabhange kagesi

• Imishini egqokekayo kanye nezinsiza

Izintambo ezishaja ngokushesha manje sezidingeka kakhulu njengoba abantu bethembele kakhulu kuma-electronics aphathwayo. Ukukhetha ikhebula elifanele akuqinisekisi isivinini kuphela kodwa nempilo yebhethri nokuphepha kwedivayisi.

Ukuqina nokuhambisana yizici ezibalulekile lapho kukhethwa izintambo zokushaja, njengoba ezisezingeni eliphansi zingaguga ngokushesha noma zilimaze amadivayisi.

Kungani Ukukhetha Ikhebula Elifanele Kubalulekile

Ngemva kokubuyekeza lezi zinhlobo zamakhebula eziyishumi, into eyodwa icacile: ukusebenzisa ikhebula elifanele kwenza umehluko omkhulu. Ikhebuli ye-Ethernet yekhwalithi ephansi ingakhawulela isivinini sakho se-inthanethi, kuyilapho ikhebula lamandla elingasebenzi kahle lingaba yingozi yezokuphepha.

Lapho ukhetha amakhebuli, cabanga njalo:

• Izidingo zokusebenza (isivinini, umkhawulokudonsa, i-voltage)

• Amazinga okuphepha kanye nezitifiketi

• Izimo zemvelo (ukushisa, umswakama, ukuphazamiseka)

• Ukuhambisana kanye nobufakazi besikhathi esizayo

Ukusebenza nomhlinzeki wekhebula wezimboni onokwethenjelwa kuqinisekisa ukuthi izintambo zakho zihlangabezana nezidingo zobuchwepheshe futhi zithobela imithetho yezokuphepha.

Isiphetho

Amakhebuli angase angabonakali ngaso sonke isikhathi, kodwa awumnyombo wempilo yesimanje—ukunika amandla amakhaya ethu, ukuxhuma izisetshenziswa zethu, nokudlulisa idatha emhlabeni wonke. Kusuka ezintamboni ze-coaxial ze-TV ne-inthanethi kuya kuzintambo ze-fiber optic zokuxhumana okunesivinini esikhulu, uhlobo ngalunye ludlala indima ebalulekile.

Ukukhetha ikhebula elifanele kungaphezu kokulula nje—kumayelana nokuphepha, ukusebenza kahle, nokwethembeka kwesikhathi eside. Noma ngabe udinga i-Ethernet yehhovisi lakho, i-HDMI yetiyetha yasekhaya, noma izintambo zikagesi zemishini yezimboni, ukukhetha okulungile kwenza umehluko.

Uma ufuna izixazululo ezisezingeni eliphezulu, eziqinisekisiwe, nezithembekile, i-Amissiontech ithembekile kuwe umphakeli wekhebula lezimboni. Ngemikhiqizo eminingi kanye nokuzibophezela ekusebenzeni nokuphepha, i-Amissiontech iqinisekisa ukuthi amasistimu akho asebenza kahle, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uhlelo lusebenza kanjani.